Understand how diabetes affects oral health and know what to do

O diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases globally, being among the main causes of morbidity and mortality in the world.

The disease is caused by insufficient production or poor absorption of insulin, a hormone that regulates blood glucose and provides energy for the body.

O inadequate control of blood sugar levels can have numerous consequencesaffecting several body systems, including oral health.

According to experts, diabetes may not present obvious symptoms at first. Although, some signs manifest themselves in the mouth and can be fundamental for timely diagnosis and treatment.

How does diabetes affect oral health?

Dry mouth, also known as xerostomia, is a consequence of reduced saliva production in response to increased blood sugar levels.

• Red and sensitive gums

The increase in blood sugar facilitates the proliferation of bacteria in the mouth, which can result in red, sensitive and painful gums, and may even bleed during brushing.

Teeth can be lost more easily when diabetes is uncontrolled. This is due to the greater propensity to periodontal diseases, cavities and other oral infections.

• Increased sugar in saliva

Elevated glucose levels in saliva provide a favorable environment for the development of bacteria, increasing the likelihood of cavities and oral infections.

Diabetes can compromise the body’s ability to recover from injuries, which can result in complications after dental procedures.

The presence of mouth ulcers and bruises is more common among diabetic patients, especially when the disease is decompensated.

Dysgeusia can cause a bitter taste or salty taste in the mouth, a sensation associated with diabetes due to imbalances in blood glucose levels. These elevated levels, then, can affect the sensory cells of taste.

Keto breath, a smell of rotting fruit, is common when illness is out of control and sugar levels are too high or too low. It is a vital indicator for diagnosing diabetes, especially when associated with other symptoms, such as increased thirst, frequent urination and fatigue.

How to prevent further complications?

Early identification and correct treatment of the disease are essential for maintaining the patient’s oral and general health.

But after all, what are the symptoms when glucose is high?

• Increased thirst;
• Dry mouth;
• Frequent urge to urinate;
• Fatigue and lack of energy;
• Blurry vision;
• Unexplained weight loss;
• Wounds that heal slowly;
• Frequent infections, especially of the skin, gums or urinary tract;
• Tingling in the hands or feet;
• Finally, bad breath.

These symptoms can vary in severity depending on the level of glycemic uncontrollability and each person’s individuality.

It is important to regularly monitor blood glucose levels and seek medical advice if hyperglycemia is suspected.