Endometriosis is a reality faced by approximately 1 in 10 women in Brazil, according to data from the Ministry of Health. This complex and often painful condition is a central theme on the International Day to Fight Endometriosis, celebrated this Tuesday (7), aiming to raise awareness about the symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of the disease.
What is endometriosis?
The uterus is covered by a tissue called endometrium, the thickness of which is influenced by hormones and which is expelled from the body during the menstrual cycle. This tissue plays a fundamental role in fertility, allowing the implantation of the egg for possible pregnancy.
When the endometrium grows outside the uterus, affecting areas such as the ovaries and bladder in the abdominal cavity, this characterizes the condition known as endometriosis.
In addition, it is possible for the patient to develop intestinal endometriosis, where parts of the endometrial tissue grow in the rectum and large intestine.
Types of endometriosis
The classification of types of endometriosis takes into account the organs affected and the depth to which endometrial cells infiltrate the tissue. The main types include:
- Superficial or peritoneal: occurs in the peritoneum, the layer that lines the abdominal cavity, often accompanied by pain and bleeding during the menstrual period.
- Ovarian: affects the ovaries and may be less painful, but can also result in the formation of endometriosis cysts.
- Deep: characterized by more intense symptoms, this form of endometriosis occurs when endometrial cells penetrate deeper into the tissues, making it more difficult to treat.
Causes and symptoms
Endometriosis is a condition whose causes are not yet fully understood by the medical community. Genetic, hormonal, immunological, or environmental factors may play a role in the development of the disease. Symptoms vary widely, but the most common include severe menstrual cramps, pelvic pain, intestinal changes, and increased menstrual flow.
Diagnosis and treatment
Early diagnosis is essential to initiate adequate treatment, relieving symptoms and improving the patient’s quality of life. The diagnostic process involves clinical, physical and gynecological examinations, as well as laboratory and imaging tests, such as pelvic ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging. In some cases, a biopsy may be necessary for definitive confirmation.
Complications and prevention
Untreated endometriosis can lead to serious complications, such as intestinal semi-obstruction, kidney impairment and fertility difficulties. Although it is not possible to completely prevent the disease, maintaining regular visits to the gynecologist and being aware of the symptoms can facilitate early identification and appropriate treatment.
