Warning about new side effects of reflux medications

Millions of people taking medications for acid reflux may be at greater risk of new side effects, experts have warned.

Scientists have discovered that common medications to treat symptoms such as chest pain, heartburn and difficulty swallowing can trigger debilitating headaches.

Medications include proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) such as omeprazole and esomeprazole, H2 blockers such as cimetidine and famotidine, and antacid supplements – all available in the UK.

Investigation details

Researchers at the University of Maryland analyzed data from more than 11,800 people.

They all provided information about their use of acid-reducing medications and whether they had experienced a migraine or severe headache in the past three months.

The analysis revealed that people who took PPIs were 70% more likely to have a migraine than people who didn’t take them.

Those taking H2 blockers were 40% more likely and those taking antacid supplements were 30% more likely.

What causes acid reflux?

The flow of stomach acid into the esophagus – the tube that connects the mouth and stomach – is what causes acid reflux.

It usually occurs after a meal or when you are lying down. The condition can cause heartburn and ulcers.

These medications are often overprescribed. And new research has demonstrated other risks associated with long-term use of proton pump inhibitors, such as a risk of dementia.

Therefore, the study authors suggest further, more in-depth investigation into the side effects.

What are the symptoms of reflux?

• Heartburn: burning sensation in the chest that can radiate to the throat and even the upper abdomen.
• Regurgitation: sensation of acid or food returning to the throat or mouth, often accompanied by a bitter or acidic taste.
• Chest pain: May be confused with heart pain, especially if it occurs after a meal or when lying down.
• Difficulty swallowing: feeling that something is stuck in the throat or difficulty swallowing solid food or liquids.
• Chronic cough: persistent cough, especially at night or when lying down, due to throat irritation from stomach acid.
• Hoarseness or changes in voice: may occur due to irritation of the vocal cords by stomach acid.
• Acid regurgitation at night: can cause discomfort and interrupt sleep.
• Nausea: Some patients may experience nausea or even vomiting due to reflux.